Energy+power+and+climate+change

Please use the link given below to get acquainted with the key terms used in this unit: []

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http://www.physics-online.com/page.cfm/ASA2APUnits?sid=148 (The worksheet below is from this site) =__Physics 1 IB SL__ Energy, Power, and Climate Change NAME _________________=

Assignment 1 Energy and Energy Sources
Using the “** // __PHYSICS for the IB Diploma__ // **” Tsokos textbook, read over pages 415 – 420 and answer the following on a separate sheet of paper: 8.1.2 Explain what is meant by degraded energy. (page 414) 8.1.3 Construct and analyze energy flow diagrams (Sankey diagrams) and identify where the energy is degraded. (We will do this with some examples and then Problem 5 from page 430) 8.1.4 Outline the principal mechanisms involved in the production of electrical power. (page 417) 8.2.3 Outline and distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy sources (page 417) 8.2.4 Define the Energy Density of a fuel (problem 3, page 430, and page 418) 8.2.5 Discuss how choice of fuel is influenced by its energy density (what other factors are there?) Problem 4 (page 430) Problem 6ab (page 430) Problem 8 (page 430) 8.3.1 Outline the historical and geographical reasons for the widespread use of fossil fuels 8.3.2 Discuss the energy density of fossil fuels with respect to the demands of power stations 8.3.3 Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages with the transportation and storage of fossil fuels 8.3.4 State the overall efficiency of power stations fuelled by different fossil fuels (page 419) 8.3.5 Describe the environmental problems associated with the recovery of fossil fuels and their use in power stations. (pages 419/420)

=__Physics 1 IB SL__ Energy, Power, and Climate Change NAME _________________=

=Assignment 2 Nuclear Energy= Using the “** // __PHYSICS for the IB Diploma__ // **” Tsokos textbook, read over pages 420 – 423 and answer the following on a separate sheet of paper: 8.4.3 Describe what is meant by fuel enrichment (page 420) 8.4.1 Describe how neutrons produced in a fission reaction may be use to initiate further fission reactions (chain reactions) (page 420) 8.4.2 Distinguish between controlled nuclear fission (power production) and uncontrolled nuclear fission (nuclear weapons) (not in the book, but do you know the difference?) 8.4.5 Discuss the role of the moderator and the control rods in the production of controlled fission in a thermal fission reactor (page 420) 8.4.4 Describe the main energy transformations that take place in a nuclear power station (pages 420 – 421) 8.4.6 Discuss the role of the heat exchanger in a fission reaction (page 421) 8.4.7 Describe how neutron capture by a nucleus of Uranium-238 results in the production of a nucleus of Plutonium 239 (page 421) 8.4.8 Describe the importance of plutonium-239 as a nuclear fuel (page 421) 8.4.9 Discuss safety issues and risks associated with the production of nuclear power (pages 421 – 422) 8.4.10 Outline the problems associated with producing nuclear power using nuclear fusion (page 422) Solve problems on the production of nuclear power (Page 430): Problem 11a Problem 10 Problem 12

=__Physics 1 IB SL__ Energy, Power, and Climate Change NAME _________________=

=Assignment 3 Alternative Energy Sources= Using the “** // __PHYSICS for the IB Diploma__ // **” Tsokos textbook, read over pages 423 – 429 and answer the following on a separate sheet of paper: 8.4.12 Distinguish between a photovoltaic cell and a solar heating panel (page 423 – 434) 8.4.13 Outline reasons for seasonal and regional variation in the solar output incident per unit area of the Earth’s surface (pages 424 – 425) 8.4.14 Solve problems involving specific applications of photovoltaic cells and solar heating panels (Page 431) Problems 16,19,20 8.14.16 Describe the main energy transformations that take place in hydroelectric power (pages 425-426) 8.4.15 Distinguish between different hydroelectric schemes (page 426) 8.4.17 Solve problems involving hydroelectric schemes (Page 432 Problems 26, 28) 8.4.18 Outline the basic features of a wind generator (Page 427) 8.4.19 Determine the power that may be delivered by a wind generator, assuming the wind kinetic energy is completely converted into mechanical energy, and explain why this is impossible. (Pages 427-428); look at the formula, read the whole section to the end to answer this one. 8.4.20 Solve problems involving wind power (Page 431) Problems 21,22 8.4.21 Describe the principle of operation of an oscillating water column (OWC) ocean wave converter (pages 428-429) 8.4.22 Determine the power per unit length of a wavefront, assuming a rectangular profile for the wave; Solve problems involving wave power (Pages 428 – 429, 432) problems 29bc, 30 =__Physics 1 IB SL__ Energy, Power, and Climate Change NAME _________________=

Assignment 4 The Greenhouse Effect
Using the “** // __PHYSICS for the IB Diploma__ // **” Tsokos textbook, read over pages 434 - 444 and answer the following on a separate sheet of paper: 8.5.10 State the Stefan-Boltzman law and apply it to compare emission rates from different surfaces (pages 434 – 435); what is emissivity, and what is s ?

8.5.11 Apply the concept of emissivity to compare the emission rates from the different surfaces

Page 450 Problem 2 8.4.3 Calculate the intensity of the Sun’s radiation incident upon a planet (pages 436 – 437) Page 450 Problem 5 8.4.4 Define “albedo” (page 437) 8.4.5 State factors that affect a planet’s albedo (page 437) 8.4.6 Describe the greenhouse effect (pages 438 – 441) Study the mechanisms for energy in/energy out on page 440 carefully; do problem 14 (page 451) Study carefully from pages 441 – 442 so to learn about (a) the molecular mechanisms by which greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation, and (b) about the absorption graphs used to compare the relative effects of different greenhouse gases 8.4.7 Define surface heat capacity Cv (pages 443 – 444) Page 451 Problem 13bc (look at 443 for help) Page 451 Problem 15 Page 452 Problem18 Page 452 Problem 19 Page 452 Problem 20 Page 452 Problem 21 8.4.8 Solve problems on the greenhouse effect and the heating of planets using a simple energy balance climate model (We will show you an Excel model) =__Physics 1 IB SL__ Energy, Power, and Climate Change NAME _________________=

Assignment 5 Global Warming
Using the “** // __PHYSICS for the IB Diploma__ // **” Tsokos textbook, read over pages 444 – 450 and answer the following on a separate sheet of paper: Re-read page 439 about how the greenhouse allows our planet to support life by keeping the temperature at 288K || ||
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 Read carefully the summary on pages 444 – 446 8.6.1  Describe some possible models of    global warming 8.6.2 State what is meant by the enhanced greenhouse effect (glossary, page 824) 8.6.3 Identify the increased combustion of fossil fuels as the likely major cause of the enhanced greenhouse effect (do you believe this?) 8.6.4  || || Describe the evidence that links global warming to increase levels of greenhouse gases (page 445) 8.6.5  Outline some of the mechanisms that may increase the rate of global warming Page 453 Problem 33 8.6.6 Define coefficient of volume expansion 8.6.7 State that one possible effect of the enhanced greenhouse effect is a rise in mean sea level (do you believe this? To what amount could it rise?) 8.6.8 Outline possible reasons for a predicted rise in mean sea level (page 447) Page 453 Problem 29 8.6.9 Identify climate change as an outcome of the enhanced greenhouse effect (pages 448 – 449); again, do you believe this? 8.6.10 Identify some possible solutions to reduce the enhanced greenhouse effect (page 449)
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Read about international efforts to reduce the enhanced greenhouse effect (pages 449 – 450)